Name: LUCIANA MATOS DE ABREU STANZANI
Publication date: 07/02/2023
Advisor:
Name |
Role |
|---|---|
| ALOÍSIO FALQUETO | Advisor * |
Examining board:
| Name |
Role |
|---|---|
| ALOÍSIO FALQUETO | Advisor * |
| CARLOS GRAEFF TEIXEIRA | Internal Examiner * |
| CRISPIM CERUTTI JUNIOR | Internal Examiner * |
Summary: Yellow fever is an acute mosquito-borne infectious disease that can occur in an urban or sylvatic cycle. Evidence of sylvatic yellow fever was first reported in Atlantic Forest areas without Aedes aegypti in Espírito Santo (ES), Brazil, during a Yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreak from 1931 to 1940. This study investigated the mosquito species involved in YFV transmission during the 2017 outbreak, ~80 years after the last YFV case in ES. An entomological survey was conducted in six forest areas during and after the peak of the epidemic. We collected 10,658 mosquitoes comprising 14 genera and 78 species. Species of the tribe Sabethini were the most abundant (80.67%) and diverse (51 taxa), followed by Aedini (16.62% of the specimens collected, comprising 14 taxa). Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Hg. janthinomys/capricornii were considered the main vectors as they had a relatively high abundance, co-occurred in essentially all areas, and showed the highest YFV infection rates (minimum infection rate [MIR] = 32.5, maximum likelihood estimate [MLE] = 32.1; MIR = 54.1, MLE = 35.8,respectively). Sabethes chloropterus, Sa. soperi, Sa. identicus, Aedes aureolineatus, and Shannoniana fluviatilis were also found to be naturally infected and may have a secondary role in transmission. This is the first report confirming the infection of Sa.
identicus, Ae. aureolineatus, and Sh. fluviatilis with the YFV. Our study emphasizes the importance of maintaining high vaccination coverage in receptive areas to YFV transmission, the urgency of entomological surveillance actions in the Atlantic Forest, as well as the need for combined interventions, integrating the human host, arthropod vectors and non-human primates aiming to reduce the morbidity and mortality of sylvatic yellow fever in Brazil.
